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Exploratory Test Pit Investigation in Brighton

Practical geotechnics, field-tested.

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Quite often in Brighton, the first sign of trouble on a site isn't in the borehole log — it's when the excavator bucket hits something unexpected three metres down. The chalk around here doesn't always weather uniformly, and the dry valley fills can shift composition across a single building footprint. That's precisely where a well-placed exploratory test pit earns its keep. Rather than relying solely on point data from a borehole, opening a trench lets you walk the profile, photograph the contact between the Coombe deposits and the underlying White Chalk, and take block samples without the disturbance you'd get from a split spoon. We've found that combining a couple of test pits with targeted SPT drilling gives a much clearer picture of the ground than either method alone, particularly on the sloping sites that define so much of Brighton's residential development.

You cannot log chalk structure properly from a borehole core alone — the fissure spacing and infill material only become apparent once the trench face is cleaned and examined in daylight.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

Brighton sits at roughly 8 metres above sea level along the seafront, but climb up toward the Racecourse and you're past 130 metres — the geology changes fast with that elevation, and so does the groundwater. Our exploratory test pit work across the city reflects this, with depths typically ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 metres depending on chalkhead proximity and stability. We log according to BS 5930:2015+A1:2020, recording moisture content, consistency, structure, and any evidence of solution features that could affect foundation design. In the London Road and Preston areas, where made ground overlies the Woolwich Formation, we frequently encounter old cellars and filled pits that standard probing misses entirely. For sites where the chalk is deeper than anticipated, we'll often recommend following up with a CPT test to profile the transition zone without the sampling disturbance that can smear fissures closed.
Exploratory Test Pit Investigation in Brighton
Technical reference — Brighton

Local considerations

Eurocode 7 (BS EN 1997-2:2007) is explicit about the need for adequate ground investigation — and in Brighton, where the Chalk aquifer is a Principal Aquifer and the city sits atop a mosaic of Head deposits, dry valleys, and solution features, skipping a visual inspection is a risk that compounds quickly. The biggest concern we see isn't collapse during excavation — it's what happens two years after construction when an undocumented dissolution pipe migrates upward and a corner of the building settles. With exploratory test pit logs in hand, the designer can spot these features early and adjust the foundation solution, whether that means deepening, bridging, or switching to a raft. The chalk here also holds water in fissures, not pores, so a dry pit in summer doesn't guarantee dry conditions during winter construction.

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Applicable standards

BS 5930:2015+A1:2020 — Code of practice for ground investigations, BS EN 1997-2:2007 (Eurocode 7) — Ground investigation and testing, CIRIA C760 — Guidance on embedded retaining wall design (temporary works), HSE GS7 — Safety requirements for trial pits

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Typical investigation depth1.5 m – 4.5 m (shored beyond 1.2 m)
Logging standardBS 5930:2015+A1:2020
Sampling methodBlock samples, bulk disturbed, U100 tubes from pit base
Groundwater observationInflow rate and level recorded where encountered
Backfill specificationCompacted arisings or engineered fill per spec
Typical deployment13-tonne or 21-tonne excavator with 600–900 mm bucket
Health & safetyCAT scan, confined space assessment, temporary works design

Frequently asked questions

What depth can an exploratory test pit reach in Brighton's chalk?

In Brighton, we typically excavate exploratory test pits to 3.5–4.0 metres using a 13-tonne or 21-tonne excavator. Depth depends on the chalkhead level, which varies significantly across the city — near the seafront at Brighton Marina, made ground over chalk may be quite shallow, while in the Seven Dials area, Coombe deposits can extend deeper. Beyond 4 metres, especially in weathered chalk, shoring and temporary works become the limiting factor rather than machine capability.

How much does an exploratory test pit investigation cost in Brighton?

For sites in Brighton and Hove, exploratory test pit investigations generally range from £340 to £730 per pit. The final figure depends on depth, access constraints, traffic management requirements if the pit is in the public highway, and whether shoring is needed. A typical residential investigation with two or three pits plus factual reporting tends to fall in the lower end of that range when access is straightforward.

Do you need a permit to dig a test pit in Brighton?

On private land, no permit is required, though we always carry out a full utility scan (CAT and Genny) before breaking ground. If the exploratory test pit is within the adopted highway or pavement in Brighton & Hove, you will need a Section 171 licence from the local authority, which we can help coordinate. Sites within conservation areas — of which Brighton has over thirty — may also have additional planning constraints worth checking before mobilising.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Brighton and surrounding areas.

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